Wednesday, April 23, 2014

Happy ENGLAND Day


St George's Day 23rd April
St George is the patron saint of England. Saint George is celebrated on this day which falls on 23 April every year. To celebrate St George's Day is to celebrate England itself: Our history, culture and heritage that has created our nation. Patron saints are chosen as special protectors of life and culture. They're also a great excuse to have some fun!

Like England, every country in the UK has its own patron saint that in times of great threat is called upon to help save the country from its enemies. Legend says St George was a dragon-slaying knight and he was made patron saint of England in recognition of his great acts of christian kindness, protection and faith. St George is a popular figure outside England in countries Portugal, Catalonia, Georgia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Macedonia and the Gora and Palestine. The symbol of St George, a red cross on a white background, is the flag of England, and part of the British flag. St George's symbol was originally adopted by Richard The Lion Heart and brought to England in the 12th century.

Very little is known about the real St George. He is thought to have been born into a noble Christian family in the late third century in Turkey. He followed in his father's military footsteps and became part of the retinue of the Emperor Diocletian. St George was a brave soldier in the Roman army who died for his beliefs. The emperor ordered the systematic persecution of Christians and George protested against the Romans' torture of Christians. For that he left the Roman army. For leaving, he was tortured, executed in Palestine, and finally beheaded, becoming an early Christian martyr in 303.

St George was also adopted as the Saint of Battles. This was not only because of his military background but, also, because it is said St George appeared to the Christian army before the Battle of Antioch.

Today England celebrates its National Day with parades through high streets, music and dancing; special St George's Day services at local churches are held, too. As today is Shakespeare's birthday,  the Globe Theatre usually holds a celebration with stalls and entertainment at the theatre, and the chance to get onto the stage and deliver a few lines. This event gets bigger every year. Pubs and private homes normally display a riot of red and white bunting on this day. Alongside all the official celebrations, there will be parties going on at various venues around.


Thanks to St Georges Day website and tourist information from LTH Hotels for the images and some historical review of St George's history.

Saturday, April 19, 2014

Sunday, March 30, 2014

cdma2000 unique cell/sector

Looking at how to identify a cdma2000 unique cell/sector

cdma2000 CSA radio test measurements - http://cellsiteanalysis.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/cdma2000-csa-radio-test-measurements.html

cdma2000 CSA radio test measurements

Recording the test results from CSA radio test measurements, whether the transmission technology be e.g. GSM, CDMA, WCDMA and/or LTE, it is perhaps a common thought that the data can be output and presented in a uniform format irrespective of the transmission technology. That would be all well and good were it the case that there had been set down an agreement for CSA regarding the components that only need to be provided. However, there is no such formal forensic best practice, evidential regulation or legislative directive that prescribes this. The fact that there is lack of agreement isn't such a problem and is probably a good thing because the components acquired for CSA are constantly evolving and changing and therein, for anyone conducting CSA, is the requirement to constantly and continuously identify:

a0 - The relevant transmission technology(ies) under investigation (MS may use several cellular technologies)

a1 - The relevant transmission capability of the mobile terminal and the profiling of any (U)SIM/R-UIM

a2 - The relevant technical capability of BSS/BTS and arrangements defined at a particular mast/tower

a3 - The relevance of any legacy technology/influences operating at the material time

a4 - How the above impacts on the information that is recorded in the call records/cell site details

Where cdma2000 1x, cdma2000 1x EV-DO or cdma2000 1x EV-DV might be in use it may be that cross-referencing the radio test measurement results to corroborate the information recorded in the call records might nor always be possible. Moreover, depending upon the information dissemenation, it can be a law enforcement officer, private investigator or court/attorney the person to whom their enquiries are made for information that person may have no clue what information is available or have a limited understanding.

For those conducting cell site analysis, the identification of cell coverage and each cell's parameters detected at a particular point within a surveyed land-parcel is an important procedure. Commonly, a person conducting CSA within a cdma2000 radio demesne might seek network operator identity, radio area network identity, base station identity and cell/sector. There are various cdma standards, but for the purposes of this discussion the combination of detail that can be preferred is the combination of SID/NID/base_id/Ref_PN. I use the reference cdma2000 standard adopted for this discussion:

3GPP2 C.S0022-A v1.0 Date: March 2004
Position Determination Service for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems

Provide Pilot Phase Measurement Page 2-55
2.2.4.2.6 Provide Pilot Phase Measurement (‘0101’)
If RESP_TYPE is equal to ‘0101’ (Provide Pilot Phase Measurement), RESP_PAR_RECORD shall include the following variable-length record:

Table Page 2-56




This standard defines an MS to capture and compile the SID/NID/base_id/Ref_PN along with other details but the standard does not specify how this information may be translated so that a CSA examiner can illustrate the uniqueness of a particular cell/sector. It is known that an important component for CSA that the examiner endeavours to report the cell and sector upon which MS mobile communications may be/have been routed from a particular location within a land-parcel.

Balancing the issues of the material time technology vis-a-vis legacy technology; a useful starting point appears to be June 2004 when the CDMA mobile industry focus groups discussed and reached a consensus that the inclusion of SID/NID/base_id/Ref_PN would provide the broadcast parameters for identifying a unique cell/sector. That is in relation to Position Determination Services. From my research library of historical reports and papers I note:

Terry Jacobson (Lucent Technologies) comments in X.P0024 (June 8th 2004) ".....this contribution recommends that the Pilot PN information be used (in addition to the SID, NID and BASE_ID) to uniquely identify a cell/sector. Specifically, that the REF_PN parameter be added (see C.S0022-A v1.0 page 2-53) to the SID, NID and BASE_ID as the parameters that identify the serving cell/sector. The REF_PN is a 9-bit information element indicates the “PN sequence offset of the pilot used by the mobile station to derive its time reference, relative to the zero offset pilot PN sequence in units of 64 PN chips”." 

Ref-PN as stated in 3GPP2 C.S0022-A v1.0 Date: March 2004



 So at what point would an MS communicate the measurements to the network? The standard set outs:

 
CSA examiners should read the relevant paragraphs of 3.2.2 as it reminds examiners of issues associated with 'not supported' in legacy technology.  Moreover, take care when considering what information is being measured in Idle Mode, Mobile Originated Call (send call) and Mobile Terminated Call (received call).

Subject to the collection of location components identified in this discussion actually being supported by the various technologies highlighted above, it is clear that it is possible for MS to collate the measurement results in order to send those measurements to the network. This suggests the test handset used for any radio test measurements should be able to display the combination of SID/NID/base_id/Ref_PN that should assist the examiner identify a unique cell/sector of a particular mast/tower.

The above discussion is not definitive and does not cover every aspect of cdma2000 cell site analysis. The discussion highlights one area of knowledge that may be helpful to a possible investigation by a CSA examiner.